We combine a surface forces apparatus and AFMs towards simultaneous measurements of forces and distances between surfaces at angstrom-scale resolution. Typical surfaces include perfluorocarbons and biomaterials; typical forces include hydrophobic
interaction, electrostatics, van der Waals, and hydration; typical environments are aqueous solutions. These experiments also provide test-beds for molecular theories.
Stephen Donaldson (ENS, Paris), Tod Pascal (LBNL)